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Understanding Pathology in a Society
The study of social pathology deals with the social problems which result from the dysfunction of the social structure. It is a very difficult task to define a perfectly normal society and it is downright impossible to determine it. The chief problem in doing so lies in the fact that there are no fixed parameters of determination, no standard of universally accepted norms of differentiation. An ideal society where all the processes function in correct unison, where all the structures are perfectly synchronized, is a non-existent one. What draws a line between a real society and an ideal one is that a real society is never perfect, its structures never work in harmony. It is far from complete and there are aberrations galore. It is easier to identify and measure physical perfection or rather, physical imperfection and that too for an individual rather than a society. Moreover, a society is more about social, mental and moral ethics than physical perfections. Measuring or determining a scale for measuring the imperfectness of a society is well nigh impossible. Right now, there are enormous problems existent in the society. Some of these problems can be solved easily, or are impossible to solve depending on how bad it is. The general opinion is that these problems should be solved by the government, as they are in charge of the overall well being of its citizens. But it can also be solved if individuals get together. The problem of social pathology goes deeper than what we perceive as mere social problems. They often have tentacles reaching deep into the psyche of man (as an individual) and into the mesh of the societal fabric (as a community) causing disruption, disorganization and deviance in a collective form. At the same point of time there is a normal mind, a normal body and therefore a normal method of operation which is very easily distinguishable from the state of abnormality be it in an individual or a society. Like an individual human body, the society is made of individual interdependent parts. Each of these societal parts or groups or sections has their own independent function. The functioning of the society in a perfect manner, therefore, depends, on the perfect functioning of these sections. This is a supernormal society or rather, a utopic one, which does not exist. When any section or group fails to perform at its best, it puts an additional burden on the other sections of the society to balance out the anomaly. However if one part is bad it does not necessarily follow that the entire society or body is defective. Only because a section has failed to perform at its best does not mean entire machinery will be defunct. Imperfection does exist and they spread like diseases. They exist like organic defects and they have the capability breaking down or tearing apart the entire fabric of a society. A person would be considered to be acting in aberration in society if they are violating what the significant social norm in that particular culture is. The reasons why humans act or react in certain ways is a highly disputed topic among scientists and researchers for a long time now. The answer to this question is locked in three different areas of research. There is the biological answer, psychological answer, and the sociological answer. With all the studies that have been undertaken, no one group has come up with an exact reason to why people behave deviantly. Although, sociologists’ theories have not been disproved as often as the psychologists’ and biologists’ theories because their experiments are too hard to define and no one definition of deviance is agreed upon by all experimenters. The idea was to understand this kind of behavior and analyze the results of it. The most evidence and idea acquired for the reason as to why people act deviantly arises from the sociological perspective. More research is required, if possible, in the biological and psychological areas, but there is a lot more yet to be known in the sociological viewpoint too. In reality the definition of deviant behavior has a wide variety of connotation and therefore might be considered as a non-consistent one. This makes it complicated and unknown if a truly accurate answer can ever be found. Sociologists have at their disposal more knowledge and information, and therefore may be considered to be closer to finding a pertinent cause. For this reason, the main focus is on the sociological stand point of social pathology. Social pathology, therefore, essentially deals with the negative social connotations that go to constitute the current society; the deviance and the disruption that run parallel to the conformist and traditionalist points of view. While summing up the deviations in social pathology in its contextual evidence it can be said that “Social pathology includes substance abuse, violence, abuses of women and children, crime, terrorism, corruption, criminality, discrimination, isolation, stigmatization and human rights violations.” These are phenomena which occur globally. These are problems that transcend borders and spread like diseases.
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